Stearn, C.W.; Scoffin, T.P.; Martindale, W. 1977: Calcium carbonate budget of a fringing reef on the west coast of barbados part 1 zonation and productivity Bulletin of Marine Science 27(3): 479-510 “A near-shore dominantly coral-covered area on the west coast of Barbados was surveyed from boats and by diving and a marked correlation between the bathymetry and ecological zonation was apparent. An isolated fringing reef within this surveyed area was selected for budget analyses. The proportion of the substrate covered by dead coral, crustose coralline algae, sand, rubble, and living corals (Porites porites, Porites astreoides, Montastrea annularis, M. cavernosa, Millepora spp., Madracis mirabilis, Siderastrea siderea, Agaricia agaricites, Favia fragum) was determined by measurements along six roped transects…The rate of growth of corals was determined either by using X-radiographs of thin slabs cut through axial regions of corals to reveal seasonal banding or by staining with Alizarin red-S. The rate of growth of crustose coralline algae was obtained from measurements made on planted artificial substrates. Once the bulk density of the corals was calculated from simple water-displacement experiments, then the CaCO3 productivity in gm/m2/year could be calculated for each coral. The overall CaCO3 productivity of the reef was found to be 15 kg CaCO3/m2 planimetric area per year.
Scoffin, TP.; Stearn, CW.; Boucher, D.; Frydl, P.; Hawkins, CM.; Hunter, IG.; MacGeachy, JK. 1980: Calcium carbonate budget of a fringing reef on the west coast of Barbados. Part 2. Erosion, sediments and internal structures Bulletin of Marine Science 302: 475-508 “The rates and effects of the erosion of a discrete fringing reef were determined so that when combined with figures for the rates of CaCO3 production for the same reef, a budget for the CaCO3 of the reef could be established. Mechanical erosion of the reef edifice is negligible other than during heavy storms. Significant movement of grains probably occurs only during winter. The major portion of the sediment is derived from the breakdown of the primary framework and bioerosion plays an important role in controlling the grain size, shape and texture of the particulate sediments. Excavation by bivalves, barnacles and worms contributes towards reef degradation, but the boring sponges are the most effective of the boring organisms…An annual grazing rate of the reef framework by Diadema of 97.5 .+-. 5.7 .times. 106 g CaCO3/yr was obtained. A quantity of reef sediment is incorporated back into the reef rock which later may be reworked by bioerosion. To assess the extent of inorganic incorporation of CaCO3 into the reef edifice, buried reef rock was excavated and analyzed by SEM to record the extent of diagenetic alteration. The CaCO3 reincorporated and inorganically precipitated into the reef amounts to about 17% by weight of the coral skeletal carbonate. A CaCO3 production on the reef of 206 .+-. 10 .times. 106 g/yr and a removal from the reef of 123 .+-. 7 .times. 106 g/yr was indicated. The internal structure of the preserved reef is fundamentally shaped by the interaction of the growth and bioerosion process.
RELATED (Editing in progress)
Stearn, C.W.; Scoffin, T.P. 1977: Carbonate budget of a fringing reef, Barbados Proceedings International Coral Reef Symposium 32: 471-476
Sadd, J.L. 1984: Sediment transport and CaCO3 budget on a fringing reef, Cane Bay, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science 35(2): 221-238
Scoffin, T.P. 1994: History of a fringing reef on the west coast of Barbados 1974-1992 Ginsburg, R N Proceedings of the Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History 273-278
Tomascik, T.; Sander, F. 1987: Effects of eutrophication on reef building corals ii. structure of scleractinian coral communities on fringing reefs Barbados West Indies Marine Biology 94(1): 53-76
Macintyre, I.G.; Mountjoy, E.W.; D’Anglejan, B.F. 1971: Submarine cementation of carbonate sediments off the west coast of Barbados, W.I Johns Hopkins University, Studies in Geology 19: 91-94
Niels, S.Ento, T. 1994: Early submarine cementation in fore-reef carbonate sediments, Barbados, West Indies Sedimentology 41(3): 585-604
Gerald, M. Friedman 1995: Early submarine cementation in fore-reef carbonate sediments, Barbados, West Indies Sedimentology 42(4): 707-707
Acker, K.L.; Stearn, C.W. 1990: Carbonate siliciclastic facies transition and reef growth on the northeast coast of barbados west indies Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 60(1): 18-25
Macintyre I.G.; Mountjoy E.W.; D. Anglejan B.F. 1968: An occurrence of submarine cementation of carbonate sediments off the west coast of Barbados, W I Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 38(2): 660-664
Hawkins, C.M.; Lewis, J.B. 1982: Benthic primary production on a fringing coral reef in barbados west indies Aquatic Botany 12(4): 355-364
Lawson, G.L.; Kramer, D.L.; Hunte, W. 1999: Size-related habitat use and schooling behavior in two species of surgeonfish on a fringing reef in Barbados, West Indies Environmental Biology of Fishes 54(1): 19-33
Morgan, I.E.; Kramer, D.L. 2004: The social organization of adult blue tangs, Acanthurus coeruleus, on a fringing reef, Barbados, West Indies Environmental Biology of Fishes 71(3): 261-273
Macintyre, I.G.; Rutzler, K.; Norris, J.N.; Smith, K.P.; Cairns, S.D.; Bucher, K.E.; Steneck, R.S. 1991: An early holocene reef in the western atlantic submersible investigations of a deep relict reef off the west coast of barbados w.i Coral Reefs 10(3): 167-174
Conand, C.; Chabanet, P.; Cuet, P.; Letourneur, Y. 1997: The carbonate budget of a fringing reef in la Reunion Island (Indian Ocean); sea urchin and fish bioerosion and netcalcification Proceedings – International Coral Reef Symposium 8: 953-958
Le Campion Alsumard, T.; Romano, J.C.; Peyrot Clausade, M.; Le Campion, J.; Paul, R. 1993: Influence of some coral reef communities on the calcium carbonate budget of Tiahura reef Marine Biology (Berlin) 115(4): 685-693
Macintyre Ian, G. 1970: Sediments off the west coast of Barbados; diversity of origins Marine Geology 9(1): 5-23
Macintyre, I.G.; Glynn, P.W.; Toscano, M.A. 2007: The demise of a major Acropora palmata bank-barrier reef off the southeast coast of Barbados, West Indies Coral Reefs 26(4): 765-773
Mah, AJ.; Stearn, CW. 1986: The effect of Hurricane Allen on the Bellairs fringing reef, Barbados Coral Reefs 43: 169-176
Perry CT, Murphy GN, Kench PS, Edinger EN, Smithers SG, Steneck RS, Mumby PJ. Changing dynamics of Caribbean reef carbonate budgets: emergence of reef bioeroders as critical controls on present and future reef growth potential. Proc Biol Sci. 2014 Dec 7;281(1796):20142018. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2018. PMID: 25320166; PMCID: PMC4213658.