{"id":8757,"date":"2024-05-02T10:32:36","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T10:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/?page_id=8757"},"modified":"2024-06-25T20:41:44","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T20:41:44","slug":"sean-h-on-lichens-mosses-and-liverworts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/recreation\/forest-walk-27apr2024\/sean-h-on-lichens-mosses-and-liverworts\/","title":{"rendered":"Sean H on lichens, mosses and liverworts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From my records of species Sean Haughian pointed out and discussed, and some related links &#8211; david p<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/WFLAffair-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-8910\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/WFLAffair-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a> DIRT GANG FOREST WALK, pages<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/recreation\/forest-walk-27apr2024\/\"><strong>DirtGang Forest Walk Intro 21Apr2024<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/recreation\/forest-walk-27apr2024\/at-sandy-lake-on-apr-27-2024\/\"><strong>Forest Walk Apr 27, 2024<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;&gt; <strong>Sean H on lichens, mosses and liverworts<\/strong><br \/>\n(THIS PAGE) <a name=\"stop1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#stop1\">STOP 1<\/a> An old (dead) beech by the path up the drumlin, hemlock-dominated forest.<br \/>\n<a href=\"#stop2\">STOP 2<\/a>: On Sugar maple in old mixed\/hardwood-dominated forest.<br \/>\n<a href=\"#stop3\">STOP 3<\/a>: The unusual morphology and ecology of <em>Frullania asagrayana<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"#stop4\">STOP 4<\/a>:\u00a0 Root Collars &amp; Rotting Logs<br \/>\n<a href=\"#stop5\">STOP 5<\/a>: Tree Skirt Moss on Sugar Maple<br \/>\n<a href=\"#stop6\">STOP 6<\/a> <em>Neckera pinnata <\/em>on Beech<br \/>\n&#8211; <a href=\"#whatare\">What are Bryophytes, Mosses, Liverworts, Lichens?<\/a><br \/>\n&#8211; <a href=\"#guide\">Some Introductory Guides<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_8759\" style=\"width: 193px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aaaSeanBeechDSC00499.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8759\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8759\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aaaSeanBeechDSC00499-183x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"183\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aaaSeanBeechDSC00499-183x300.jpg 183w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aaaSeanBeechDSC00499-626x1024.jpg 626w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aaaSeanBeechDSC00499-768x1256.jpg 768w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aaaSeanBeechDSC00499-939x1536.jpg 939w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aaaSeanBeechDSC00499.jpg 1223w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 183px) 100vw, 183px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8759\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Sean H by old (dead) epiphyte-covered beech<\/strong><br \/><em>Click on image for larger version<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>STOP 1<\/strong>, <strong>An old (dead) beech<\/strong> by the path up the drumlin, hemlock-dominated forest.<br \/>\nNoted by Sean H:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <em><strong>Neckera complanata<\/strong><\/em>, Flat Feather Moss.<br \/>\nView <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neckera_complanata#\/media\/File:Neckera_complanata_(d,_144725-474809)_4025.jpg\">Wikipedia Pic<\/a>.\u00a0 Pics in <a href=\"https:\/\/bryophyteportal.org\/portal\/taxa\/index.php?taxon=Neckera+complanata&amp;formsubmit=Search+Terms\">Consortium of Bryophyte Herbaria<\/a> (as <em>Alleniella complanata<\/em>)\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.124130\/Neckera_complanata\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S5 (Secure in NS, lower rankings elsewhere).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <em><strong>Leptogium cyanescens<\/strong><\/em>, Blue Jellyskin Lichen, &#8220;Grey spots on tree, leafy&#8221;, a cyanolichen. Many pics on <a href=\"https:\/\/lichenportal.org\/portal\/taxa\/index.php?taxon=Leptogium+cyanescens&amp;formsubmit\">Consortium of Lichen Herbaria<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/inaturalist.ca\/observations\/210460084\">Inaturalist observation<\/a> Sandy Lake area\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.123834\/Leptogium_cyanescens\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S5, (Secure in NS).<a name=\"lungwort\"><\/a> <a name=\"stop2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <em><strong>Lobaria pulmonaria<\/strong><\/em>, Lungwort Lichen, higher up in the pic at right.\u00a0 Also a cyanolichen. Good description in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lobaria_pulmonaria#\/media\/File:Lobaria_pulmonaria_190708.jpg\">Wikipedia<\/a>. Many pics on <a href=\"https:\/\/lichenportal.org\/portal\/taxa\/index.php?taxon=Lobaria+pulmonaria\">Consortium of Lichen Herbaria<\/a>. On <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.123515\/Lobaria_pulmonaria\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S5 (Secure in NS).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aabSeanOnSMpaleDSC00515.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-8770\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aabSeanOnSMpaleDSC00515-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aabSeanOnSMpaleDSC00515-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aabSeanOnSMpaleDSC00515-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aabSeanOnSMpaleDSC00515-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aabSeanOnSMpaleDSC00515-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/aabSeanOnSMpaleDSC00515-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><strong>STOP 2:<\/strong> <strong>On<\/strong> <strong>Sugar maple<\/strong> in old mixed\/hardwood-dominated forest.<br \/>\nNoted by Sean H:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <em><strong>Anaptychia palmulata<\/strong><\/em>, Shaggy Fringe Lichen. &#8220;Old Growth associate, not especially rare; bright green when wet.&#8221; Many pics on <a href=\"https:\/\/lichenportal.org\/portal\/taxa\/index.php?taxon=54928&amp;clid=1191\">Consortium of Lichen Herbaria<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00521Anaptychia-palmulata.jpg\">My Pic<\/a> of specimen on this tree pointed out by Sean\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.123002\/Anaptychia_palmulata\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S3 (Vulnerable in NS).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <em><strong>Porella platyphylla<\/strong><\/em>, Scalewort<br \/>\nA liverwort. View description in <a href=\"https:\/\/fieldguide.mt.gov\/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=NBHEP2Q0H0\">Montana Field Guide<\/a>. &#8220;Leafy liverworts that form flat mats when young, becoming thick tufts with age that protrude from trees and rocks. Strongly aromatic, but not acrid (Paton 1999). Shoots grow to 8 cm long, 1.8 to 2.7 mm wide, and are 2-3 times pinnate&#8230;&#8221; Pics on <a href=\"https:\/\/bryophyteportal.org\/portal\/taxa\/index.php?taxon=Porella+platyphylla\">Consortium of Bryophyte Herbaria<\/a>. On iNaturalist, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/observations\/153120922\">Sandy Lake Area 1<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/observations\/24356928\">Sandy Lake Area 2<\/a> (On the Area 2 record, Sean H commented, &#8220;can&#8217;t really discriminate <em>P. platyphylla<\/em> from <em>P. platyphylloidea<\/em> based on morphology&#8221;.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1036065\/Porella_platyphylla\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S5 (Secure in NS).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <em><strong>Lobaria pulmonaria<\/strong><\/em>, Lungwort Lichen &#8211; see comments <a href=\"#lungwort\">above<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <em><b>Parmeliela tryptophylla<\/b><\/em>, Black-bordered Shingle Lichen. &#8220;A cyanolichen, dark smear, not quite a crust lichen but close, occurs on mature to OG trees&#8221;. Pics on <a href=\"https:\/\/lichenportal.org\/portal\/taxa\/index.php?taxon=54284&amp;clid=1069\">Consortium of Lichen Herbaria<\/a>. \u00a0Extract from Common Lichens of Northeastern North America (McMullin &amp; Anderson 2014), p. 51: &#8220;SHAPE\/SIZE: Tiny lobes 1 MM and less on a black fungal layer (hypothallus) that makes the entire lichen appear almost black from a distance. NOTES: ..often appears as a black patch on trees in humid forests. The tiny lobes are only visible close up.&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.125290\/Parmeliella_triptophylla\">NatureServe<\/a>\u00a0 Conservation Status S5 (Secure in NS &#8211; low rankings elsewhere). <a name=\"stop3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sean also pointed out a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/taxa\/47731-Lampyridae\">Lightening Bug<\/a> (Firefly) commenting that he has noticed them in old forests, especially on trees rich with lichens; whenever he visits an open meadow next to old Forest, he always sees lots of firefly activity. &#8216;Lots of interesting details about the species and habits of the Lampyridae (fireflies) and their occurrence in the Maritimes in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acadianes.ca\/journal\/papers\/majka_11-13.pdf\">The Lampyridae (Coleoptera) of Atlantic Canada<\/a> by Christopher G. Majka, in J. Acad. Entomol. Soc. 8: 11-29 (2012)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>STOP 3: The unusual morphology and ecology of <em>Frullania asagrayana<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8998\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00529panelyB-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8998\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8998\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00529panelyB-1024x476.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00529panelyB-1024x476.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00529panelyB-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00529panelyB-768x357.jpg 768w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00529panelyB-1536x714.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00529panelyB-2048x952.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8998\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em><strong>Sean points to patches of\u00a0Frullania asagrayana,<\/strong> a liverwort,\u00a0 on a Yellow Birch.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#8211; <em><strong>Frullania asagrayana<\/strong><\/em>, a liverwort. Species Name (asagrayana) after Asa Gray (1810-1888) &#8220;considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century.&#8221; (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asa_Gray\">Wikipedia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Listen to\/view Sean talking about the unusual morphology and ecology of <em>Frullania asagrayan<\/em>a:<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8F_I3KW2A28?si=5KNCNnmaVAbfQ_yl\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nMany pics including microscopic pics illustrating the &#8220;urns&#8221; that Sean talked about are available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marylandbiodiversity.com\/species\/viewSpecies.php?species=8249&amp;showAll=1\">Asa Gray&#8217;s Scalewort Frullania asagrayana Mont. <\/a> on the Maryland Biodiversity Project website.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>From the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marylandbiodiversity.com\/species\/viewSpecies.php?species=8249&amp;showAll=1\">Maryland Biodiversity Project<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>Description<br \/>\nAsa Gray&#8217;s Scalewort is usually found on trees where it grows tight against the bark. The plants are only about 1-2 mm wide but may grow to several centimeters in length. The leaves are dark green to reddish-brown or nearly black. Microscopy is necessary to distinguish Asa Gray&#8217;s Scalewort from other species of Frullania. The leaves of Asa Gray&#8217;s Scalewort have distinctive cells called ocelli.<\/p>\n<p>Where to find:<br \/>\nAsa Gray&#8217;s Scalewort is most conspicuous on trees with gray bark like red maple, beech, holly and some oaks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Also good pics here: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.southernappalachianbryophytes.org\/frullaniaasagrayana.html\">Frullania asagrayana Mont.<\/a>, page on Southern Appalachian Bryophytes website. <a name=\"stop4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.126989\/Frullania_asagrayana\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S5 (Secure in NS)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>STOP 4:\u00a0 Root Collars &amp; Rotting Logs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00540.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9017 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00540-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00540-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00540-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00540-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00540-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00540-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Root collars of trees and rotting logs support very diverse epiphyte communities, especially in hardwoods.<\/p>\n<p>Listen to an <a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/MAH00532rottingLogsAudio.mp4\">audio<\/a> of Sean talking about the importance of rotting logs in forests: &#8220;&#8230;not only do you get species growing on them that don&#8217;t grow elsewhere in the forests, but the richness of those microhabitats exceed everything else.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9019\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00553rootCollarRotttingLog-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9019\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9019\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00553rootCollarRotttingLog-1024x551.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00553rootCollarRotttingLog-1024x551.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00553rootCollarRotttingLog-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00553rootCollarRotttingLog-768x413.jpg 768w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00553rootCollarRotttingLog-1536x827.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00553rootCollarRotttingLog-2048x1102.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9019\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Left: Base of Yellow Birch<\/strong>. <strong>Right Rotting log,<\/strong> not very old, already covered with bryophytes. Fern is a Christmas Fern. Photos on Apr 27, 2024<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_9022\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/StairStepBazzaninaDSC00543-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9022\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9022\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/StairStepBazzaninaDSC00543-1024x436.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/StairStepBazzaninaDSC00543-1024x436.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/StairStepBazzaninaDSC00543-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/StairStepBazzaninaDSC00543-768x327.jpg 768w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/StairStepBazzaninaDSC00543-1536x654.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/StairStepBazzaninaDSC00543-2048x872.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9022\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Left Stairstep Moss <\/strong>on exposed roots of Yellow Birch. Right: <strong><em>Bazzania trilobata<\/em><\/strong> (a liverwort) on old wood, likely softwood, on\u00a0 forest floor.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#8211;<strong><em> Hylocomium splendens<\/em><\/strong> (Stairstep Moss). View description on <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hylocomium_splendens\">Wikipedia<\/a>.<br \/>\nOn distingusihing it from other species, see <a href=\"https:\/\/bryomonitoring.ca\/moss-id\/\">bryomonitoring.ca page<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.124451\/Hylocomium_splendens\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S5 (Secure in NS)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <em><strong>Bazzania trilobata<\/strong> <\/em>(Greater Whipwort or Threelobed Bazzania), a liverwort. <a name=\"stop5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pics at \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marylandbiodiversity.com\/view\/8207\">Maryland Biodiverity Project<\/a>; description: &#8220;<em>Bazzania trilobata<\/em> is one of the largest leafy liverworts. Note its three teeth at the end of each apex of the leaves.&#8221; Habitat: On deacying logs, earth and stone, banks etc., in woods. Not recorded from limestone regions. The species exhibits a wide series of variations in size, color and in habit, due mostly, perhaps to differences in the habitats&#8230;The most luxuriant form of the species grows erect in large tufts in very moist, shaded places.&#8221; (From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2419968?seq=1\">The Genus Bazzania in the United States and Canada<\/a> by M Fulford in American Naturalist, 1936.) <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.122051\/Bazzania_trilobata\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S5 (Secure in NS)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>STOP 5: Tree Skirt Moss on Sugar Maple<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00556treeSkirtMoss-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9025 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00556treeSkirtMoss-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00556treeSkirtMoss-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00556treeSkirtMoss-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00556treeSkirtMoss-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00556treeSkirtMoss-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DSC00556treeSkirtMoss-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><strong><em>Pseudanomodon attenuatus<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\nSean says it was just starting to come in; he sees it commonly on sugar maple.<\/p>\n<p>Pics on <a href=\"https:\/\/bryophyteportal.org\/portal\/taxa\/index.php?tid=258903\">Consortium of Bryophyte Herbaria<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paenflowered.org\/apgii\/hypnales\/neckeraceae\/pseudanomodon\/pseudanomodon-attenuatus\">From Flora of Pennsylvania<\/a>: &#8220;Plants grow close together forming dull looking green mats. Individual leaves are triangular with a rounded base and a slightly rounded tip. Likes to grow on tree trunk bases, and dry calcarious rocks. Also on soil banks.&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.125363\/Anomodon_attenuatus\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S5 (Secure in NS). <a name=\"stop6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"stop6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9027\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NpennataOnBeechDSC00573.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9027\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9027\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NpennataOnBeechDSC00573-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NpennataOnBeechDSC00573-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NpennataOnBeechDSC00573-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NpennataOnBeechDSC00573-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NpennataOnBeechDSC00573-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NpennataOnBeechDSC00573.jpg 1874w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9027\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong><em>Neckera pinnata<\/em> on Beech. <\/strong>Lungwort Lichen above. Sean said there more <em>Porella platyphylla<\/em> (Scalewort) (See Stop 2 above) at its base.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>STOP 6 <em>Neckera pinnata<\/em> on Beech<\/strong><br \/>\nRecognized as an Old Growth forest species. &#8220;In the northern hardwoods of North America it mainly grows on the bark of maples and is considered a good indicator of old-growth forests (Frahm, 1992).&#8221; &#8211;\u00a0 cited in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378112716301694\">The importance of large-tree retention for the persistence of old-growth epiphytic bryophyte Neckera pennata in selection harvest systems<\/a>, Edman et al., 2016 in Forest Ecology &amp; Management.\u00a0 They found in studies in N.B. that &#8220;Selection cutting strongly influence the old-growth bryophyte <em>Neckera pennata<\/em> [and that] the decrease in <em>N. pennata<\/em> results from reduction in large maples and crown cover.&#8221;<br \/>\nPics in <a href=\"https:\/\/bryophyteportal.org\/portal\/taxa\/index.php?taxon=Neckera+pennata&amp;formsubmit=Search+Terms\">Consortium of Bryophyte Herbaria.<\/a><br \/>\nFrom description on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.botanikks.com\/plants\/neckera-pennata-hedw-var-tenera-c-mll\/558741\/1\">www.botanikks.com<\/a>: &#8220;The feathered shag-moss has a distinctive appearance, characterized by its long and narrow fronds. The fronds of this moss are intricately divided and resemble the feathers of a bird. The plant is generally green in color, with a glossy surface. The fronds grow to a height of 2-5 cm, with a width of 0.5-1.5 cm. The stem of the plant is thin and wiry, with a reddish-brown color.&#8221; &#8211; \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.127220\/Neckera_pennata\">NatureServe<\/a> Conservation Status: S5, (Secure in NS).  <a name=\"whatare\"><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>What are Bryophytes, Mosses, Liverworts, Lichens?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bryophytes<\/strong> [<em>From<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bryophyte\">Wikipedia]<\/a> (\/\u02c8bra\u026a\u02cco\u028afa\u026ats\/) are a group of land plants, sometimes treated as a taxonomic division, that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the <strong>liverworts<\/strong>, <strong>hornworts<\/strong>, and <strong>mosses<\/strong>. In the strict sense, Bryophyta consists of the mosses only. Bryophytes are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although they can survive in drier environments. The bryophytes consist of about 20,000 plant species. Bryophytes produce enclosed reproductive structures (gametangia and sporangia), but they do not produce flowers or seeds. They reproduce sexually by spores and asexually by fragmentation or the production of gemmae. Though bryophytes were considered a paraphyletic group in recent years, almost all of the most recent phylogenetic evidence supports the monophyly of this group, as originally classified by Wilhelm Schimper in 1879.The term bryophyte comes from Ancient Greek \u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd (br\u00faon) &#8216;tree moss, liverwort&#8217;, and \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd (phut\u00f3n) &#8216;plant&#8217;. \u00a0View also \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181019163320\/http:\/\/bryophytes.plant.siu.edu\/bryojustified.html\">&#8220;What are Bryophytes&#8221;<\/a> (section of Southern Illinois University Carbondale website, archived on the Web Archive). [See <a href=\"https:\/\/teara.govt.nz\/en\/liverworts-and-hornworts\/print\">Liverworts and hornworts<\/a> by Maggy Wassilieff for a brief description of differences between mosses, liverworts and hornworts.]<\/p>\n<p>View YouTube Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rXG63uz65ng&amp;list=PLW-D0qw1a2oDlNmp-M1RNmnIV3L3Klwe9&amp;index=2&amp;t=14s\">Bryophyte Course Part 1<\/a><br \/>\n&#8220;Part 1 of our 2023 Cofnod course on Bryophytes by Lucia Ruffino. Lucia introduces us to the different types of Bryophyte: Moss, Liverwort and Hornwort. Oct 3, 2023<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLW-D0qw1a2oDlNmp-M1RNmnIV3L3Klwe9\">Confod Online Species ID Courses<\/a> (Cofnod is the North Wales Local Environmental Records Centre).&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lichens:<\/strong> [from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/wildflowers\/beauty\/lichens\/about.shtml\">U.S. Forest Service<\/a>]Lichens are a complex life form that is a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a fungus and an alga. The dominant partner is the fungus, which gives the lichen the majority of its characteristics, from its thallus shape to its fruiting bodies. The alga can be either a green alga or a blue-green alga, otherwise known as cyanobacteria. Many lichens will have both types of algae.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cyanolichen<\/strong>: Lichens in which one of the symbionts\u00a0 is a cyanobacteria (also referred to as &#8220;blue-green algae). Cyanobacteria can capture atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) and convert it into forms such as ammonium (NH4<sup>+<\/sup>) usable by plants, so adding a valuable nutrient to the forest ecosystem.  <a name=\"guide\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Some Introductory Guides<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Lichens<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9001\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-07-at-5.29.35-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9001\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9001\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-07-at-5.29.35-PM-1024x618.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-07-at-5.29.35-PM-1024x618.png 1024w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-07-at-5.29.35-PM-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-07-at-5.29.35-PM-768x464.png 768w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-07-at-5.29.35-PM.png 1396w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9001\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Common Lichens of Northeastern North America<\/strong> by Troy McMullin and Francis Anderson, 2014. Click on image above to read the description. &#8220;At last, a light and easy-to-use field guide to the rich lichen flora of Northeastern North America&#8230; Meant to fit in a pocket or backpack, it requires no previous botanical experience and is written in non-technical language.&#8221;<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-20-at-9.54.30-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9106 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-20-at-9.54.30-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-20-at-9.54.30-AM.png 331w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screen-Shot-2024-05-20-at-9.54.30-AM-211x300.png 211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts<\/strong> A Field Guide to the Common Bryophytes of the Northeast by Ralph H. Pope 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cornellpress.cornell.edu\/book\/9781501700781\/mosses-liverworts-and-hornworts\/#bookTabs=1\">Comstock Publishing<\/a> (Cornell University).<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This photo-based field guide to the more common or distinctive bryophytes of northeastern North America gives beginners the tools they need to identify most specimens without using a compound microscope. Ralph Pope\u2019s inviting text and helpful photographs cover not only the &#8220;true&#8221; mosses but also the Sphagnaceae (the peat mosses), liverworts, and hornworts.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From my records of species Sean Haughian pointed out and discussed, and some related links &#8211; david p DIRT GANG FOREST WALK, pages &#8211; DirtGang Forest Walk Intro 21Apr2024 &#8211; Forest Walk Apr 27, 2024 &#8211;&gt; Sean H on lichens, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/recreation\/forest-walk-27apr2024\/sean-h-on-lichens-mosses-and-liverworts\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":8707,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8757","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8757"}],"version-history":[{"count":115,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9230,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8757\/revisions\/9230"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/sandylakebedford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}