regular & irregular, actinomorphic & zygomorphic, symmetry.

A regular flower is one in which all members of each set of flowering parts (stamens, pistils, petals, sepals) are alike in regard to form, orientation and colour.1 In reference to flowers, the terms radial or radial symmetry (divisible into mirror-image halves in three or more ways2) and actinomorphic are synonymous with regular.

In irregular flowers, there are inequalities between members within the same set. The terms bilateral or bilateral symmetry (divisible into mirror-image halves in only one way2) and zygomorphic are synonymous with irregular.

In addition to radial and bilateral symmetry, individual structures might be characterized by biradial symmetry (divisible into mirror-image halves in two ways2) or asymmetry (not divisible into identical or mirror-image halves2). Some authors do not distinguish between radial and biradial symmetry, while others do.3

1. Harrington, H.D. + Durell, L.W. 1957. How to Identify Plants. Athens Ohio: Swallow Press Books.

2. Jepson Manual Glossary [Accessed 29 Aug. 2008]

3. Simpson, M.G. 2006. Plant Systemtics. Elsevier.