{"id":2467,"date":"2023-11-15T15:54:40","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T15:54:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/?page_id=2467"},"modified":"2023-11-20T15:06:09","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T15:06:09","slug":"the-adelgid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/hemlock-wooly-adelgid-in-nova-scotia\/the-adelgid\/","title":{"rendered":"The Adelgid"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
HWA in Nova Scotia<\/a>
\nSubpages
\n– Eastern Hemlock Notes<\/a>
\n– About \u201cIn the Quiet & the Dark\u201d<\/a>
\n– Comprehensive Info<\/a>
\n– The Adelgid<\/strong> (THIS PAGE)
\n– Pesticide Treatment<\/a>
\n– Biological Control<\/a>
\n– Silviculture<\/a>
\n– Post HWA infestation Impacts<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\"\"<\/a>

Observations of HWA reported on iNaturalist<\/a><\/strong> (accessed Nov 15, 2023)<\/p><\/div>\n

From Wikipedia<\/a> (15Nov2023), references and some links removed:<\/p>\n

“The hemlock woolly adelgid<\/b> (<\/sup>Adelges tsugae<\/b><\/i>), or\u00a0HWA<\/b>, is an\u00a0insect\u00a0of the order\u00a0Hemiptera<\/a>\u00a0(true bugs) native to\u00a0East Asia. It feeds by sucking sap from hemlock and spruce trees (Tsuga<\/a><\/i>\u00a0spp.;\u00a0Picea<\/a><\/i>\u00a0spp.).<\/p>\n

“In its native range, HWA is not a serious pest because populations are managed by natural predators and parasitoids and by host resistance.<\/sup><\/p>\n

“In eastern North America\u00a0it is a destructive\u00a0pest\u00a0that threatens the eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis<\/a><\/i>) and the Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana<\/a><\/i>). HWA is also found in western North America, where it has likely been present for thousands of years. In western North America, it primarily attacks western hemlock\u00a0Tsuga heterophylla<\/a><\/i>\u00a0and has only caused minor damage due to natural predators and host resistance.<\/sup><\/p>\n

“Accidentally introduced to North America from Japan, HWA was first found in the eastern United States near Richmond, Virginia, in 1951.<\/sup>\u00a0The pest is now found from northern Georgia to coastal Maine and southwestern Nova Scotia.[<\/a><\/sup>As of 2015, 90% of the geographic range of eastern hemlock in North America has been affected by HWA.<\/sup>”<\/p>\n

Read More on Wikipedia<\/a><\/p>\n

Life Cycle<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Life Cycle, click on image for larger version. From Maine Forest Service<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Maine Forest Service: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Life Stages<\/a>
\nWebpage. “Hemlock woolly adelgids are all female in northeastern North America. They develop parthenogenetically (asexually) and have six stages of development: egg, four nymphal instars and adult. There are two overlapping generations per year. The overwintering generation (or sistens) is present from early summer through mid-spring, and the spring generation (or progrediens) is present from early spring through mid-summer.” The page goes on to describe, with photos added,<\/p>\n

Eggs
\nCrawlers
\nSettled First Instar Nymphs
\nInstars 2 through 4 and Adults
\nWinged Adult (does not survive in North America)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HWA in Nova Scotia Subpages – Eastern Hemlock Notes – About \u201cIn the Quiet & the Dark\u201d – Comprehensive Info – The Adelgid (THIS PAGE) – Pesticide Treatment – Biological Control – Silviculture – Post HWA infestation Impacts From Wikipedia … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2379,"menu_order":40,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2467","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2467"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2745,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2467\/revisions\/2745"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/nstriad\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}