{"id":2610,"date":"2024-03-04T12:01:42","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T12:01:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/?page_id=2610"},"modified":"2026-03-29T12:49:42","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T12:49:42","slug":"zooanthids","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/bb-observations\/taxonomic-issues\/zooanthids\/","title":{"rendered":"Zooanthids"},"content":{"rendered":"

NAVIGATION
\nThis page is a sub-page of Taxonomic Issues<\/a>
\nTaxonomic Issues<\/strong> is a sub-page of ObsI<\/a>, a top-level page on
\nthe website Barbados Fringing Reefs and Seagrass Beds<\/a> (www.versicolor.ca\/barbados).
\nGo to ObsI<\/a> to view a list of all pages and subpages under ObsI<\/small><\/p>\n

\n

Also view on this website:
\nLit&Links\/Palythoa\/zooanthids<\/a><\/p>\n

Drafting<\/em><\/p>\n

I began this page re: Palythoa mammilosa cited by Lewis, may be syn. with P. caribaeorum<\/em><\/p>\n

Intertidal Distribution of Zoanthids on the Caribbean Coast of Panama: Effects of Predation and Desiccation<\/a>
\nKP Sebens 1982 Bulletin of Marine Science, Volume 32, Number 1, January 1982, pp. 316-335(20) “The three most common zoanthid species (Coelenterata:Zoantharia) on the intertidal reef flat at Galeta, Panama, show distinct zonation. Zoanthus sociatus<\/i> occurs on the highest part of the intertidal platform while the two other species, Zoanthus solanderi<\/i> and Palythoa caribaeorum<\/i> have upper limits in the lower surf zone. Of the three, only P. caribaeorum<\/i> continues to the subtidal fore-reef…”<\/p>\n

On www.sealifebase.ca: Palythoa mammillosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Knobby zoanthidean <\/a>
\nDistribution: Western Atlantic: St Vincent and Grenadines, USA and Canada<\/p>\n

Palythoa (Palythoa mammillosa) Photo<\/a>
\nSpecimen from Trinidad and Tobago<\/p>\n

The Colonial Zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum:Population Dynamics on Southeast Florida Reefs<\/a> JC Walczak – 2008 , thesis
\n“Current taxonomic descriptions of the genus Palythoa are outdated, and most
\nzoanthid researchers agree that Palythoa caribaeorum and Palythoa mammillosa are
\nprobably the same species (Sebens 1982; Gleibs et al. 1995; Haywick and Mueller
\n1997). For this study, I consider them to be synonymous (possibly morphotypes) and
\nwill therefore refer to them as the more common Palythoa caribaeorum<\/p>\n

\u00a9 CSIRO 2003 10.1071\/IS02008 1445-5226\/03\/030407
\nwww.publish.csiro.au\/journals\/is Invertebrate Systematics, 2003, 17, 407\u2013428
\nCSIRO PUBLISHING
\nRevision of methods for separating species of Protopalythoa(Hexacorallia:Zoanthidea) in the tropical West Pacific<\/a>
\nJohn S. RylandA,B and John E. LancasterA “The genus Protopalythoa Verrill, 1900 (family Sphenopidae) is defined and its status discussed. As with
\nother zoanthid genera, species are difficult to separate by traditional methods.” discussion of P. caribaeorum<\/p>\n

Phylogenomics of Palythoa (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia): probing species boundaries in a globally distributed genus<\/a>
\n\u2018Ale\u2018alani Dudoit et al., Coral Reefs 41, 655\u2013672 (2022)
\nShallow Atlantic and Indian\/Pacific coral reef species are generally thought to have been isolated from each other for at least 3MY, since the closing of the Isthmus of Panama (IP; O\u2019Dea et al. 2016)…Nevertheless, some marine species may have been able to maintain limited genetic flow between these regions during interglacial periods with the
\ncessation of the cold-water upwelling, or through leakage of gyres of the Agulhas Current from the Indian to the Atlantic Ocean (Peeters et al. 2004; Bowen et al. 2006<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NAVIGATION This page is a sub-page of Taxonomic Issues Taxonomic Issues is a sub-page of ObsI, a top-level page on the website Barbados Fringing Reefs and Seagrass Beds (www.versicolor.ca\/barbados). Go to ObsI to view a list of all pages and … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2274,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2610","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2610"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8247,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2610\/revisions\/8247"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}