{"id":1990,"date":"2024-02-16T07:00:38","date_gmt":"2024-02-16T07:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/?page_id=1990"},"modified":"2024-02-19T10:02:16","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T10:02:16","slug":"barbados-1970-2012","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/lit-links\/major-disturbances\/barbados-1970-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"Barbados 1970-2012"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Status and Trends of Caribbean Coral Reefs: 1970-2012<\/strong>.<br \/>\nJackson JBC, Donovan MK, Cramer KL, Lam VV (editors). (2014) Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.org\/sites\/default\/files\/import\/downloads\/caribbean_coral_reefs___status_report_1970_2012.pdf\">Download<\/a><br \/>\n306 page document<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>COPIED FROM THE SECTION ON BARBADOS<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\nCoauthors: Caroline Bissada-Gooding, Angelique Brathwaite, Hazel Oxenford, Nicholas Polunin, Richard Suckoo, Ivor Williams, CARICOMP and Reef Check<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geographic Information<\/strong><br \/>\nCoastal Length: 96 km<br \/>\nLand Area: 443 km2<br \/>\nMaritime Area: 186,827 km2<br \/>\nPopulation: 282,819<br \/>\nReef Area: 62 km2<br \/>\nNumber of hurricanes<br \/>\nin the past 20 years: 0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.39.46-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1981\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.39.46-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"629\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.39.46-AM.png 629w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.39.46-AM-300x249.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.40.44-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1982\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.40.44-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"715\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.40.44-AM.png 715w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.40.44-AM-300x171.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.41.25-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1983\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.41.25-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"749\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.41.25-AM.png 749w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.41.25-AM-300x231.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 749px) 100vw, 749px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.47.26-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1987\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.47.26-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"786\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.47.26-AM.png 786w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.47.26-AM-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.47.26-AM-768x528.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.43.28-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1985\" src=\"http:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.43.28-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"782\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.43.28-AM.png 782w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.43.28-AM-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/versicolor.ca\/barbados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screen-Shot-2024-02-16-at-2.43.28-AM-768x172.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 782px) 100vw, 782px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>General Literature\u00a0 [<em>bolding of titles inserted<\/em>]<br \/>\nBlackman K (2008) <strong>An annotated bibliography of coral reef monitoring and management information related to the Folkestone Marine Reserve, St. James, Barbados<\/strong>. The community-based coral reef monitoring and management project. Report No. 2. . A Caribbean Conservation Association project in collaboration with the National Conservation Commission and the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies. 26 p.<\/p>\n<p>Brathwaite A (2012) <strong>Mass coral reef bleaching in the eastern Caribbean in 2010. A report to UNEP-CAR\/RCU and SPAW-RAC<\/strong>, 42 pp.<\/p>\n<p>Brathwaite A, Oxenford HA, Roach R (2008) <strong>Barbados: A coral paradise. Barbados:<\/strong> Miller Publishing. Fisheries Division (2004) Barbados fisheries management plan 2004-2006. Schemes for the management of fisheries in the waters of<br \/>\nBarbados. Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. 67 p.<\/p>\n<p>Goodridge R, Brewster L, Hunte W, Brathwaite A, Nurse L, et al. (2008) <strong>Twenty years of coral reef monitoring in Barbados: Benefits to\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Government and lessons learnt<\/strong>. Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium.<\/p>\n<p>LaJeunesse T, Smith R, Finney JC, Oxenford HA (2009) <strong>Outbreak and persistence of opportunistic symbiotic dinoflagellates during the 2005 Caribbean mass coral \u2018bleaching\u2019 event.<\/strong> Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 276: 4139-4148.<\/p>\n<p>Lewis JB (1960) <strong>The coral reefs and coral communities of Barbados, W.I.<\/strong> Canadian Journal of Zoology 38: 1133-1152.<\/p>\n<p>Macintyre IG, Glynn PW, Toscano MA (2007) <strong>The demise of a major Acropora palmata bank\u2013barrier reef off the southeast coast of Barbados, West Indies<\/strong>. Coral Reefs 26: 765-773.<\/p>\n<p>Mah AJ, Stearn CW (1986)<strong> The effect of Hurrican Allen on the Bellairs fringing reef, Barbados<\/strong>. Coral Reefs 4: 169-176.<\/p>\n<p>Mahon RS, Hunte W, Oxenford HA, Storey K, Hastings RE (1982) <strong>Seasonality in the commercial marine fisheries of Barbados.<\/strong> Proceedings\u00a0 of the 34th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. pp. 28-37.<\/p>\n<p>Maraj V, Cox SA, Oxenford HA (2010)<strong> The current status of the small-scale seine fishery in Barbados. Proceedings of the 64th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute<\/strong>. San Juan, Puerto Rico. pp. 411-419.<\/p>\n<p>McConney P, Mahon RS (1998) <strong>Introducing fishery management planning to Barbados.<\/strong> Ocean &amp; Coastal Management 39: 189-195.<\/p>\n<p>Oxenford HA, Roach R, Brathwaite A (2008) <strong>Large scale coral mortality in Barbados: a delayed response to the 2005 bleaching episode<\/strong>. Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. pp. 505-509.<\/p>\n<p>Oxenford HA, Roach R, Brathwaite A, Nurse L, Goodridge R, et al. (2008) <strong>Quantitative observations of a major coral bleaching event in Barbados, Southeastern Caribbean.<\/strong> Climatic Change 87: 435-449.<\/p>\n<p>Oxenford HA, Vermeer LA, Wittenberg M (1993)<strong> Nearshore benthic marine communities of the west and southwest coasts of Barbados: importance, present status and management recommendations.<\/strong> Report for DELCAN International Corporation Ltd. . Toronto, Canada: CCPU, Government of Barbados. 137 p.<\/p>\n<p>Pandolfi J, Jackson JBC (2006) <strong>Ecological persistence interrupted in Caribbean coral reefs.<\/strong> Ecology Letters 9: 818-826.<\/p>\n<p>Robichaud D, Hunte W, Oxenford HA (1999) <strong>Effects of increased mesh size on catch and fishing power of coral reef fish traps.<\/strong> Fisheries Research 39: 275-294.<\/p>\n<p>Schuhmann PW, Oxenford HA, Gill D, Staskiewicz T (2011) <strong>Landings, costs, net profit and return on investment in two contrasting fisheries: Part 2 \u2013 The nearshore trap fishery. Economic valuation of the fisheries of Barbados.<\/strong> Third project report for Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries, Industry and Small Business Development. Barbados: Government of Barbados. 45 p<\/p>\n<p>. Wilson SB (1983) <strong>A report on the trap fishing industry of Barbados.<\/strong> Report to Barbados Fishery Division.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Published Data Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Allard P (1994) <strong>Changes in coral community structure in Barbados: Effects of eutrophication and reduced grazing pressure:<\/strong> McGill University, Montreal. 73 p.<\/p>\n<p>12 Bauer JC (1980) <strong>Observations on geographical variations in population density of the echinoid Diadema antillarum within the western north Atlantic<\/strong>. Bulletin of Marine Science 30: 509-515.<\/p>\n<p>8 Hawkins CM, Lewis JB (1982) <strong>Ecological energetics of the tropical sea urchin Diadema antillarum Philippi in Barbados, West Indies<\/strong>. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 15: 645-669.<\/p>\n<p>2 Hunte W, Allard P (1994) <strong>Temporal changes in coral reef communities on the west and south coasts of Barbados: 1982-1992.<\/strong> Technical report for the Government of Barbados and the Inter-American Development Bank. Washington, D.C. 67 p.<\/p>\n<p>9 Hunte W, Cote I, Tomascik T (1986) <strong>On the dynamics of the mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in Barbados.<\/strong> Coral Reefs 4: 135-139.<\/p>\n<p>10 Hunte W, Younglao D (1988) <strong>Recruitment and population recovery of Diadema antillarum (Echinodermata; Echinoidea) in Barbados.<\/strong> Marine Ecology Progress Series 45: 109-119.<\/p>\n<p>3 Liddell WD, Olhorst SL (1988) <strong>Comparison of western Atlantic coral reef communities.<\/strong> Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium. Australia: Utah State University. pp. 281-286.<\/p>\n<p>4 Parker C, Oxenford HA (1998) <strong>Barbados. In: Kjerfve B, editor. CARICOMP &#8211; Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove sites Coastal region and small island papers<\/strong> 3. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 177-186.<\/p>\n<p>11 Scoffin TP (1980) <strong>Calcium carbonate budget of a fringing reef on the west coast of Barbados.<\/strong> Part II. Erosion, sediments and internal structure. Bulletin of Marine Science 30: 475-508.<\/p>\n<p>5 Scoffin TP (1994) <strong>History of a fringing reef on the west coast of Barbados 1974-1992.<\/strong> In: Ginsburg RN, editor. Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards, and History. Florida: University of Miami. pp. 273-278.<\/p>\n<p>6 Tomascik T, Sander F (1987) <strong>Effects of eutrophication on reef-building corals II. Structures of sclearctinian coral communities on fringing reefs, Barbados, West Indies.<\/strong> Marine Biology 94: 53-75.<\/p>\n<p>7 Williams ID, Polunin NVC (2001) <strong>Large-scale associations between macroalgal cover and grazer biomass on mid-depth reefs in the Caribbean<\/strong>. Coral Reefs 19: 358-366.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Status and Trends of Caribbean Coral Reefs: 1970-2012. Jackson JBC, Donovan MK, Cramer KL, Lam VV (editors). (2014) Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 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